Cerebrolysin: What the Evidence Actually Shows
What Cerebrolysin is, why a mixture of brain-derived peptides cannot be characterised like a single research peptide, and what the Cochrane reviews of stroke and vascular dementia actually concluded.
Archive
Category: Education
Amylin: The Other Hormone Beta Cells Release
Amylin explained: the 37-amino-acid hormone co-secreted with insulin, how it was found in pancreatic amyloid deposits, why the human form clumps, how its receptors are assembled, and the analogues now in trials.
Sirtuins Explained: SIRT1 to SIRT7
The seven mammalian sirtuins, why NAD+ is consumed rather than used as a cofactor, the replication failure that reset the lifespan claims, the resveratrol assay artefact, and what the SIRT1-FOXO4 link does and does not imply.
Brown Adipose Tissue and Thermogenesis
How adult human brown fat was confirmed in 2009, what UCP1 actually does, why FDG-PET does not measure heat production, how little energy brown fat is measured to burn, and why none of the compounds sold as thermogenic acts on it.
Nrf2 and Oxidative Stress Explained
What oxidative stress actually means, how the Keap1-Nrf2 switch works, why Nrf2 controls glutathione synthesis, what happened when antioxidants and an Nrf2 activator were put into large trials, and why the GHK-Cu Nrf2 claim does not hold up.
mTOR Explained: The Cell’s Growth Switch
What mTOR is, how a soil bacterium from Easter Island led to it, the difference between mTORC1 and mTORC2, what the mouse lifespan data actually said, and why rapamycin is not the clean mTORC1 inhibitor it is often described as.
Somatostatin: The Brake on Growth Hormone
The inhibitory half of the growth hormone axis: what somatostatin is, the five receptors it works through, why its three-minute half-life produced octreotide, and why the claim that GHRPs suppress it is not supported.
Adipotide (FTPP): What the Research Shows
Adipotide (FTPP) explained: how the prohibitin-targeting peptide from MD Anderson was built, what the mouse and monkey studies found, the kidney findings and where it stands today.
Senolytics Explained: What Clearing ‘Zombie’ Cells Has and Hasn’t Shown
What senescent 'zombie' cells are, how senolytics such as dasatinib plus quercetin, fisetin, navitoclax and FOXO4-DRI were discovered, and what the first human trials have and haven't shown.
Dipeptides, Tripeptides and Oligopeptides: Short Peptides Explained
What dipeptides, tripeptides and oligopeptides are, how short peptides are named and counted, and examples from glutathione and GHK-Cu to KPV, TRH and aspartame.
