Glucagon Function: What Glucagon Does and How It Works With Insulin
What glucagon does: how alpha cells make it, what the glucagon receptor does in the liver, how it compares with insulin, and why multi-agonist peptides target it.
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Research guides to GLP-1-pathway peptides such as semaglutide, tirzepatide, retatrutide, mazdutide, survodutide and cagrilintide, with trial data and Canadian regulatory status.
What glucagon does: how alpha cells make it, what the glucagon receptor does in the liver, how it compares with insulin, and why multi-agonist peptides target it.
Amylin explained: the 37-amino-acid hormone co-secreted with insulin, how it was found in pancreatic amyloid deposits, why the human form clumps, how its receptors are assembled, and the analogues now in trials.
GIP explained: the 42-amino-acid gut hormone discovered at UBC, how it boosts insulin, why it was renamed, and how tirzepatide and retatrutide target its receptor.
Retatrutide's phase 3 TRIUMPH results explained: weight loss across four trials, the dysesthesia signal, discontinuation rates, cardiovascular data and what comes next.
Peptide hormones explained: what they are, where they're made, how they act, and a reference table from insulin and GLP-1 to GHRH, oxytocin and PTH.
From Banting and Best's insulin to calcitonin at UBC, Montreal's Nobel-winning hormone hunters and today's GLP-1 science: the Canadian discoveries behind modern peptide research.
Why natural peptides vanish in minutes and engineered ones last days: amino-acid swaps, fatty-acid lipidation, albumin binding, DAC, PEGylation and D-amino acids explained.
GLP-1 peptides explained: semaglutide, tirzepatide, retatrutide, mazdutide, survodutide, cagrilintide and orforglipron mapped by receptor, trial data and Canadian status.
Mazdutide vs survodutide: two GLP-1/glucagon dual agonists compared, from oxyntomodulin origins to GLORY-1 and SYNCHRONIZE results, liver data, and sourcing in Canada.
Cagrilintide explained: the long-acting amylin analogue in CagriSema, what its phase 2 and REDEFINE trials found, its Calgary connection, and sourcing in Canada.
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